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【目的】飞蝗Locusta migratoria(Linnaeus)是我国乃至全世界广泛发生的重要农业害虫,其种群暴发会给农作物造成重大为害和减产。飞蝗种群发生动态受低温及变温的影响,但低温和变温如何作用于胚胎发育和是否诱导胚胎滞育的发生,目前尚不清楚。【方法】本文在对飞蝗胚胎发育特点观察鉴定的基础上,研究了胚胎发育中期恒定低温诱导、诱导后恢复、发育中期变温诱导及发育早期低温诱导等条件对胚胎发育进程的影响。【结果】研究发现,胚胎发育起点温度下非致死温度7.5℃处理促使胚胎发育历期变异增加,而25~30℃高温下胚胎发育整齐。7.5℃处理时间长短对胚胎发育影响不明显,但该低温培育时间长短影响后期常温下的胚胎发育,即7.5℃下长期低温可能促进25℃或30℃下的胚胎的发育。25℃以下变温温度影响胚胎发育进展,但影响胚胎发育的限制因子主要是发育起点以上温度。【结论】因此,温度作为单一环境因子,其特定的低温和变温处理不仅没有诱导胚胎滞育的发生,反而促进后期胚胎在常温下的发育。本研究结果对揭示温度变化对个体发育和种群动态影响及预测飞蝗种群发生有重要的指导意义。
【Objective】 Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus) is an important agricultural pest widely occurring in China and even in the world. Outbreak of its population can cause serious damage to crops and reduce production. The locust population dynamics are affected by low temperature and variable temperature, but it is unclear how low temperature and variable temperature affect embryo development and whether it induces embryo diapause. 【Method】 Based on the observation and identification of embryonic development in migratory locusts, the effects of constant low temperature induction, post-induction recovery, mid-developmental warming induction and early developmental low temperature induction on embryonic development were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the non-lethal temperature of embryo development at 7.5 ℃ increased the variation of embryonic development, while the embryo at 25-30 ℃ developed neatly. The effect of 7.5 ℃ treatment time on embryo development was insignificant, but the incubation time affected the embryo development at normal temperature in the late stage. The long-term hypothermia at 7.5 ℃ may promote the embryo development at 25 ℃ or 30 ℃. Temperature change below 25 ° C affects embryonic development, but the limiting factor affecting embryonic development is primarily the temperature above the onset of development. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the temperature as a single environmental factor, its specific low temperature and temperature treatment not only failed to induce the occurrence of embryonic diapause, but to promote the development of late embryos at room temperature. The results of this study have important guiding significance for revealing the effects of temperature changes on individual development and population dynamics and predicting the occurrence of locusts.