张之洞(1837—1909),字孝达,号香涛,晚年又自号抱冰老人。直隶南皮(今河北省南皮县)人,生于贵筑县(今贵阳市),出身于官宦之家。张之洞自幼接受传统的封建教育,其父张瑛礼聘远近名儒,教子甚严。张之洞4岁入塾学习,异常勤奋,到8岁时已经读完了四书五经,15岁中举,26岁中探花,赐进士点翰林,这些都为他日后40余年的漫漫官宦生涯奠定了基石。张之洞由科举而进入仕途,历经学政、翰林院京官、巡抚、总督、大学士、军机大臣,在晚清的政治舞台上几乎活跃了半个世纪,是晚清政 Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), the word filial piety, number Hong Tao, old age and self-posed Bing ice. Zhili Nanpi (now Nanpi County, Hebei Province), was born in Gujian County (now Guiyang City), was born in official home. Chang Chih-tung since childhood to accept the traditional feudal education, his father Zhang Ying Li far and near famous Confucianism, teaching children very strict. Chang Chih-tung 4-year-old into private supplementary school, unusually hardworking, by the age of 8 has finished reading four books, 15 at the mid-lift, 26-year-old middle of the year to give flowers, give Scholars point Hanlin, these are for him 40 years later laid the cornerstone . Chang Chih-tung by the imperial examination and into career, after school politics, Imperial College Beijing officials, governors, governors, bachelor, military ministers, in the late Qing political stage almost active half a century, is the late Qing government