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每年中考阅读理解题中都有词义推测题。做词义推测题有两个原则:不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思;不管这个词多熟悉,都要根据上下文得出其在特定场合下的意思。下面就它的解题方法谈谈我的一些看法。
一、根据转折关系
根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词,如but, however, otherwise, though等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而根据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号也可以表示转折或对比意义。
解题分析:这里用了表转折关系的连词but,从前一部分可以看出,“make soap”是“any fool”可以做的,所以“sell it”是“fool”的反义词才能做的,故答案为C项。
二、根据对比关系
表示对比关系的标志词有:unlike, not, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。如:
If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say“No”.
What does the underlined word “dissent”probably mean?
A.don’t like it B.disagree
C.don’t have many opinions D.enjoy it
解题分析:“Yes”与“No”是一对反义词,根据句子结构可以看出“agree”与“dissent”意思相反,故答案为B项。
三、根据因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词有because, so that, so/such...that...等。如:
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
The word“withered”can be replaced by _______.
A.disappeared
B.became fresh
C.had an unpleasant smell
D.became drier and smaller and start to die
解题分析:这里用了连词“because”,故“withered”是“The flowers had no water”的结果,故答案为D项。
四、根据同位关系
阅读中出现的难词有时会在其后紧跟一个同位语对其进行解释或进一步补充说明,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义以及句意进行猜测。如:
Yes, that is the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world.
The word “Taj Mahal”probably refers to _______.
A.a famous person
B.a famous building
C.a person who likes famous buildings
D.a city in which there are famous buildings
解题分析:根据同位关系,答案为B项。
五、根据并列关系
当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,并推知其大致意思。如:
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
What does the word“mansion”probably refer to?
A.famous person B.rare animal
C.large impressive-looking house D.public place
解题分析:略。答案为C项。
六、根据比喻关系
一般由as...as,like等表示。如:
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
What does the word“buoyant”probably mean?
A.able to float B.beautiful
C.able to sink D.light
解题分析:略。答案为A项。
七、根据所举实例
一般由for example,such as,like等来表示举例。如:
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White,for example, speaks six languages.
What does the word“polyglot”probably mean?
A.talkative
B.speaking or using many languages
C.tireless
D.outstanding
解题分析:略。答案为B项。
八、根据逻辑推理
根据生词前后的搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思。如:
Although the fisherman was wearing sou’wester,the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.
What does the word“sou’wester”probably mean?
A.strong shoes
B.thick clothing
C.water-resistant clothing
D.thin and dirty clothing
解题分析:略。答案为C项。
一、根据转折关系
根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词,如but, however, otherwise, though等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而根据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号也可以表示转折或对比意义。
解题分析:这里用了表转折关系的连词but,从前一部分可以看出,“make soap”是“any fool”可以做的,所以“sell it”是“fool”的反义词才能做的,故答案为C项。
二、根据对比关系
表示对比关系的标志词有:unlike, not, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。如:
If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say“No”.
What does the underlined word “dissent”probably mean?
A.don’t like it B.disagree
C.don’t have many opinions D.enjoy it
解题分析:“Yes”与“No”是一对反义词,根据句子结构可以看出“agree”与“dissent”意思相反,故答案为B项。
三、根据因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词有because, so that, so/such...that...等。如:
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
The word“withered”can be replaced by _______.
A.disappeared
B.became fresh
C.had an unpleasant smell
D.became drier and smaller and start to die
解题分析:这里用了连词“because”,故“withered”是“The flowers had no water”的结果,故答案为D项。
四、根据同位关系
阅读中出现的难词有时会在其后紧跟一个同位语对其进行解释或进一步补充说明,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义以及句意进行猜测。如:
Yes, that is the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world.
The word “Taj Mahal”probably refers to _______.
A.a famous person
B.a famous building
C.a person who likes famous buildings
D.a city in which there are famous buildings
解题分析:根据同位关系,答案为B项。
五、根据并列关系
当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,并推知其大致意思。如:
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
What does the word“mansion”probably refer to?
A.famous person B.rare animal
C.large impressive-looking house D.public place
解题分析:略。答案为C项。
六、根据比喻关系
一般由as...as,like等表示。如:
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
What does the word“buoyant”probably mean?
A.able to float B.beautiful
C.able to sink D.light
解题分析:略。答案为A项。
七、根据所举实例
一般由for example,such as,like等来表示举例。如:
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White,for example, speaks six languages.
What does the word“polyglot”probably mean?
A.talkative
B.speaking or using many languages
C.tireless
D.outstanding
解题分析:略。答案为B项。
八、根据逻辑推理
根据生词前后的搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思。如:
Although the fisherman was wearing sou’wester,the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.
What does the word“sou’wester”probably mean?
A.strong shoes
B.thick clothing
C.water-resistant clothing
D.thin and dirty clothing
解题分析:略。答案为C项。