目的 研究全切和近全切术在甲状腺癌患者中的治疗效果。方法 采用对照分析法进行研究，选取我院2020年1月至2021年1月收治的62例甲状腺癌患者，以病例编号奇偶数交替法将患者分为对照组与观察组，每组31例，对照组采用全切除术治疗，观察组采用近全切除术治疗，比较两组患者的治疗有效率、并发症发生情况、血钙浓度值、血清磷元素含量以及甲状旁腺激素（PTH）指标变化。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为93.55%，对照组治疗总有效率为90.32%，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组并发症发生率为12.90%，对照组并“,”Objective To study the effects of total resection and near total resection in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Methods The controlled analysis method was used to conduct the study. 62 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected， and the patients were divided into the control group and the observation group by the odd and even number alternation method， with 31 cases in each group. The group was treated with total resection， and the observation group was treated with near-total resection. The treatment efficiency， complications， blood calcium concentration， serum phosphorus content and parathyroid hormone (PTH) index changes were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.55%， the total effective rate in the control group was 90.32%， the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The complication rate of the observation group was 12.90%， and the complication rate of the control group was 35.48%， the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The observation group had better parathyroid hormone， blood calcium concentration， and serum phosphorus indicators than the control group， the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Both total resection and near total resection can improve the clinical treatment effect of thyroid cancer and reduce the tumor recurrence rate. The treatment plan of near total resection can reduce the incidence of complications and is more conducive to improving the prognosis of patients. In clinical practice， the relevant personnel should choose the appropriate surgical treatment based on the actual situation of the patient.