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工程水文中,较普遍的问题是估算水库对洪峰流量的衰减效应。本文介绍的图解法将水库出流洪峰作为入流过程、水库蓄量、出口特征参变数的函数,直接确定洪峰出流量。本图解法建立在利用无因次雨参数人流过程求解非线性差分演算方程的基础上,将水库蓄量表示为出量的指数函数。从演算所得的曲线表明:衰减情况与无因次的演算数有关,即与水库特征和人流参数有关。方法能迅速评估由于参数改变而引起衰减值变化的问题;并可用精确解法检验其准确性。
In engineering hydrology, the more common problem is to estimate the dampening effect of the reservoir on peak flow. The graphic method introduced in this paper takes the flood peak of the reservoir as a function of the inflow process, the reservoir volume, and the export parameters, and directly determines the flood peak discharge. The graphic method is based on the non-linear differential calculus equation based on human-no-rain parameter flow process, which is expressed as the exponential function of discharge volume. The curves obtained from the calculations show that the attenuation is related to the dimensionless number of calculations, that is, the reservoir characteristics and the flow of people. The method can quickly assess the problem of the change of attenuation value caused by the change of parameters; and the exact solution can be used to test its accuracy.