研究了振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)和样本熵评价新生儿脑发育成熟度是否受到胎龄的影响,计算了210例足月儿和122例早产儿在活动睡眠和安静睡眠(QS)阶段的aEEG和样本熵。结果表明:对于相同受孕后年龄(PMA)的足月儿和早产儿,其振幅整合脑电图的上、下边缘幅度值没有统计学差异;PMA在37~42周的QS阶段,足月儿的脑电样本熵明显高于早产儿(p<0.01),其他PMA阶段样本熵在足月儿与早产儿间无统计学差异。aEEG脑发育特征随PMA改变;样本熵特征则受到胎龄影响。 The effects of aEEG and sample entropy on the assessment of neonatal brain development maturation by gestational age were studied. The effect of gestational age on 210 children with term infants and 122 preterm infants was evaluated during active sleep and quiet sleep (QS) aEEG and sample entropy. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the amplitudes of the upper and lower marginal edges of EEG in full-term and pre-term infants of the same post-conception age (PMA). In the QS stage of 37-42 weeks, EEG entropy was significantly higher in preterm infants (p <0.01). Other PMA entropy was not significantly different between full-term infants and premature infants. Brain aEEG brain development characteristics change with PMA; sample entropy characteristics are affected by gestational age.