Objective: To observe the after-effect duration of kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy on Mediterranean anemia. Methods: To observe the kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy on 58 cases of Mediterranean anemia and the influence of various relative factors on the after-effect duration. Results: The after-effect duration on 58 cases varied from 3-6 months, about 4 months on average, and was not influenced by sex, clinical types, genetic types, types of Mediterranean anemia and other factors. Conclusion: Kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy used to treat Mediterranean anemia can not only produce good therapeutic effect during treatment but also keep after effect lasting for about 4 months, indicating that the therapy used to treat Mediterranean anemia has good clinical after effect.