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乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)是通过血液和体液传播的嗜肝DNA病毒,尽管有有效的预防疫苗,乙型病毒性肝炎仍是我国乃至全球人类健康的重大威胁。HBV的易感宿主只局限于人以及黑猩猩等灵长类动物,HBV感染性疾病的研究遇到很大困难。多种小动物研究模型的建立,使我们对HBV感染致病机制的认识有了很大进步,包括:分子病毒学特征、在感染细胞中生命周期、机体的抗病毒免疫反应、肝脏病变的免疫病理机制等。但是,由于已有动物模型的种种限制,我们对HBV感染及乙型肝炎发生和发展的认识还远远不够,目前除了抗病毒治疗外,还没有有效地治疗慢性乙肝的方法。建立能够真实反映临床HBV感染、乙肝发生和进展过程的纯系小鼠模型,对于我们全面深入地理解HBV感染的侵入机制、宿主和病毒之间相互作用,以及发展预防和治疗HBV感染的新方法都具有非常重要的意义。
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepadnavirus that is transmitted by blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B virus remains a significant human health hazard in our country and even in the world, despite effective preventive vaccines. The predisposing hosts for HBV are confined to primates such as humans and chimpanzees, and the study of HBV infectious diseases has encountered great difficulties. The establishment of a variety of small animal research models has greatly improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of HBV infection. These include: molecular virological characteristics, life cycle in infected cells, antiviral immune response in the body, immunity to liver disease Pathology and so on. However, due to the limitations of the existing animal models, our understanding of the occurrence and development of HBV infection and hepatitis B is far from sufficient. Currently, there is no effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B except antiviral therapy. The establishment of a pure mouse model that can truly reflect the clinical HBV infection and the development and progression of hepatitis B is of great importance for us to fully understand the mechanism of invasion of HBV infection, the interaction between host and virus, and to develop a new method to prevent and treat HBV infection All have a very important meaning.