在俄国文学史上,从苏联时代对高尔基的“被神化”到后苏联极尽颠覆的否定,对其评价可谓大起大落。直到新世纪以来高尔基的全部作品得以公开,研究者们对高尔基的评价也趋向客观和理性,力图还原历史的本来面目。在还原的过程当中,作家以流浪汉为主题的小说创作是不容回避和忽视的。这一主题占据了作家创作的很大一部分,我们细细品读他这类主题的作品时,会发现高尔基在这些小说的创作 In the history of Russian literature, from the “deification” of Gorky in the Soviet era to the negation of the overthrow of the post-Soviet Union, its evaluation can be described as ups and downs. It is not until the new century that Gorky’s work has been made public. Researchers have also appraised Gorkier’s objectiveness and rationality in an effort to restore the true nature of history. In the process of restoration, novels can not be ignored and neglected by writers based on tramps. This theme occupies a large part of the writer’s composition, and as we read through his work on such subjects, we find that Gorky’s creation in these novels