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无因管理制度起源于罗马法,无因管理在罗马法法律史的记载中被理解为管理他人事务,即未受他人委托,并无法律上之义务,以避免损害为目的而管理他人之事务。无因管理制度经过大陆法系国家的继承和发展,内容更加完备,既维护了本人的私权至上又兼顾社会互助精神的弘扬。在我国,无因管理制度还存在一系列问题如相关法律规范内容上比较粗略、可操作性差,管理人损害赔偿的规定过于笼统导致过分依赖法官的主观判断,无因管理制度的外延不够明确,使得对与其类似的见义勇为等行为的救济缺乏法律基础。本文将从保护见义勇为者的法律权益入手,结合案例分析无因管理和见义勇为的异同点,明确二者之间的界限,指出无因管理制度关于管理人的权益保护的不足,在此基础上提出建议。
Non-management system originated in the Roman law, without management in the legal history of Roman law is understood as the management of other people’s affairs, that is not commissioned by others, there is no legal obligation to avoid damage for the purpose of managing others affairs . With no inheritance and development of the civil law countries, the non-management system has more complete contents, which not only upholds the supremacy of personal rights but also carries forward the spirit of social solidarity. In our country, there are still a series of problems in the non-management system. For example, the content of the relevant laws and regulations is rather crude, the operability is poor and the provisions of the administrator’s damages are too general, which leads to the excessive reliance on the judge’s subjective judgment, Making the lack of legal basis for remedies such as courageous acts similar to them. This article will start with the legal rights and interests protection of those who are righteous and intimidating. Combining the case analysis with the similarities and differences between management and courageous, we will clarify the boundaries between the two and point out that the lack of protection of rights and interests of the non-management system Suggest.