本文较全面地介绍了微粒直径及直径分布的激光测量技术。详细讨论了光全散射法、光角散射法、衍射法及激光脉冲全息法的测量原理、适用范围及其发展。研究结果表明，光学法测粒具有测量粒度范围广、重复性好、精度高、不接触样品、不要求导电介质以及测量时间短并可在线实时测量等优点 This paper introduces the laser measurement technology of particle diameter and diameter distribution in a comprehensive way. The measuring principle, applicable scope and development of light full scattering, light scattering, diffraction and laser pulse holography are discussed in detail. The results show that the optical particle size measurement with a wide range of particle size, good reproducibility, high precision, non-contact samples, does not require conductive media and measurement time is short and online real-time measurement advantages