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为了研究合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)不同生长阶段基因型与环境的互作效应,从2012年1月在海南构建的家系中选取生长快、中、慢3个典型家系(分别编号为F1、F2和F3),于海南陵水黎安、广东湛江覃斗和广西防城白龙3个不同海区进行养殖试验,每个海区每个家系的放养数量为800个,养殖1年。采用方差和加性主效应乘积交互作用(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI)模型对各家系不同生长阶段壳长、壳高、壳宽和体重4个性状的基因型与环境互作效应进行分析。结果显示,不同海区间合浦珠母贝的生长差异显著(P<0.05),其中海南黎安的生长较快,广西白龙较慢;家系间,F2家系的壳长、壳高、壳宽生长速度最快,F1家系体重生长速度最快。整个试验阶段总体上4个性状的基因型方差占变异总方差的比例为72.47%~88.55%,环境方差占9%~24.13%,基因型×环境互作方差占3.32%~4.04%。随着生长的进行,4个性状的基因型方差所占比例由最早阶段的92.32%~98.66%下降到最后阶段的32.45%~68.10%,环境方差由0.11%~1.27%增加到24.41%~62.26%,家系×环境互作方差由0.79%~3.9%增加到3.84%~7.51%。AMMI模型双标图分析表明,F1家系与覃斗、F2家系与黎安存在一定的互作,而F3家系的稳定性最好。上述结果显示,基因型与环境互作效应较小,家系对表型变异的贡献较大,表明家系的选择非常重要。该结果对合浦珠母贝优良品系的选育与推广具有重要指导意义。
In order to study the interaction between genotypes and environment at different growth stages of Pinctada fucata, three typical pedigrees were selected from the pedigrees constructed in Hainan in January 2012 (F1, F2 and F3). Breeding experiments were conducted in Li’an, Hainan Lingling, Qin Dou, Guangdong and Fangcheng Bailong, Guangxi. The number of stocking of each family in each sea area was 800 and the breeding period was one year. The effects of genotype and environment on four traits of shell length, shell height, shell width and body weight at different growth stages of each family were studied by using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the growth of Pinctada hermaphroditus between different sea areas (P <0.05), of which, Hainan Li’an grew faster and Guangxi Bailong was slower. The F2 length, shell height and shell width growth The fastest, F1 family weight growth fastest. In the whole experiment period, the genotype variance of the four traits accounted for 72.47% -88.55% of the variance, the environmental variance accounted for 9% -24.13%, and the genotype × environment interaction variance accounted for 3.32% -4.04%. With the development of the four traits, the proportion of variance of genotypes decreased from 92.32% to 98.66% of the earliest stage to 32.45% to 68.10% of the final stage, and the environmental variance increased from 0.11% to 1.27% to 24.41% to 62.26 %, The variance of family × environment interaction increased from 0.79% ~ 3.9% to 3.84% ~ 7.51%. AMMI model double-plot analysis showed that F1 family and Tan Dou, F2 family and Li An there is a certain interaction, and the stability of the F3 family is the best. The above results show that the interaction between genotype and environment is small, and the contribution of pedigrees to phenotypic variation is greater, indicating that the choice of pedigree is very important. The results have important guiding significance for the breeding and popularization of excellent strains of Pinus nebrodensis.