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对连续14年施用不同肥料后,春小麦 春玉米间作下,土壤硝态氮的累积和分布,作物产量及对氮素的吸收利用进行了研究。结果表明,在施农家肥120t hm2(M)、绿肥45t hm2(G)、秸杆10 5t hm2(S)、N375kg hm2(N)、农家肥60t hm2+N187 5kg hm2[1 2(M+N)]、绿肥22 5t hm2+N187 5kg hm2[1 2(G+N)]、秸杆5 25t hm2+N187 5kg hm2[1 2(S+N)]和CK等8个处理中,土壤剖面硝态氮的累积和分布以N处理最高,地上部N浓度和吸N量以N、1 2(M+N)和1 2(G+N)处理较高,但3处理间无明显差别。间作小麦子粒产量和生物学产量以M、G、1 2(M+N)和1 2(G+N)等处理较高,间作玉米子粒产量和生物学产量以1 2(G+N)、N、G和1 2(M+N)等处理较高。氮肥利用率以1 2(S+N)处理最高,1 2(M+N)和1 2(G+N)低于1 2(S+N)、S和N处理,但高于M、G处理。说明氮肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用,既能增加作物产量,提高氮素吸收利用,又可减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。
After applying different fertilizers for 14 consecutive years, the spring wheat intercropping with spring wheat, the accumulation and distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen, crop yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments of 120t hm2 (M), 45t hm2 (G), 105t hm2 (S), N375kg hm2 (N) and 60t hm2 + N187 5kg hm2 ), CK (CK) and CK (25 5 hm2 + N187 5 kg hm2 [1 2 (G + N]] and straw CK255t hm2 + N187 5 kg hm2] The accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in soil were the highest in N treatment, and the N concentration in shoot and N uptake were higher in N, 1 2 (M + N) and 1 2 (G + N) treatments, but there was no significant difference among 3 treatments. The intercropping wheat grain yield and biological yield were higher with M, G, 12 (M + N) and 1 2 (G + N) treatments. The intercropping maize grain yield and biological yield were 12 N, G and 12 (M + N) and other treatment is higher. Nitrogen utilization rates were highest in treatments of 1 2 (S + N), 1 2 (M + N) and 1 2 (G + N) less than 1 2 (S + N) deal with. It shows that the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and peasant fertilizer or green manure can not only increase crop yield, increase nitrogen absorption and utilization, but also reduce the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil.