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一概述在分析研究表面形态或断口形貌特征时,常常要进行立体观察,即分析研究三维空间参量的大小及其变化。表面浮凸就是指表面形态或断口形貌特征的高度或深度的大小。表面浮凸测量对于分析研究表面变形、表面损伤、断裂机理、磨损情况、腐蚀程度、断口定最分析等均起着重用的作用。例如,金属材料在恒应变拉伸时将产生塑性变形,材料表面出现滑移台阶、滑移带等形态特征,通过对滑移台阶高度的测量,可以分析研究滑移台阶的高度与塑性变形量之间的关系。又如金属材料经常出现解理断裂,其断口表面具有解理河流或解理台阶等显微形貌特征,通过测量解理台阶的高度,来了解材料的柏氏矢量或位错密度和解理台阶的高度之间的关系。
An overview of the analysis of the surface morphology or fracture surface features, often to observe the three-dimensional, that is, the analysis of the three-dimensional spatial size and its changes. Surface relief refers to the surface morphology or the shape of the fracture surface height or depth of the size. Surface relief measurements for the analysis of surface deformation, surface damage, fracture mechanism, wear, corrosion, fracture analysis of the most played a role in re-use. For example, the metal material will be plastically deformed during constant strain, and the surface of the material will have the characteristics of slip step and slip band. By measuring the height of the slip step, the height of the slip step and the amount of plastic deformation The relationship between. Another example is the metal material often cleavage fracture, the fracture surface with cleavage rivers or cleavage steps and other microscopic features, by measuring the height of the cleavage steps to understand the material’s Burgers’ vector or dislocation density and cleavage steps The relationship between height.