煤炭中合有许多矿物杂质,这些杂质在完全燃烧以后,便形成固体残余物——灰分。这些矿物杂质可分为原生的及外来的两种,前者是组成煤炭的植物或低级动物的有机体,后者是在煤形成时或采掘时从外面混入的。原生的矿物质主要是由各种碱金属(钾或钠)和碱土金属(钙和镁)的盐类所组成。外来的矿物质是极其复杂的,它与煤炭在形成时或形成以后的周围的介质成分有关。在大多数情形下,这种矿物质是由矽酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、硫酸盐和碳酸盐所组成,有时 There are many mineral impurities in coal, which, after complete combustion, form a solid residue - ash. These mineral impurities can be divided into two kinds of native and exogenous, the former is composed of coal plant or lower animal organisms, the latter is formed during coal mining or mining from the outside mixed. Primary minerals consist primarily of salts of various alkali (potassium or sodium) and alkaline earth (calcium and magnesium) salts. Extraneous minerals are extremely complex and are related to the composition of the media around the coal as it is formed or after it is formed. In most cases, this mineral is composed of silicate, oxide, sulfide, sulfate and carbonate, and sometimes