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宋明思想谱系的一贯性可以说是自理学形成以来一直到今天人们对于宋明理学的一种基本共识,但在宋、明两代理学之间,则既存在着思想指向之一定程度的游离,同时也存在着探索侧重的不断转向。对于这种游离与转向,人们既可以从理学的发展——比如朱子学裂变的角度进行分析,当然也可以从社会思潮转向的角度进行说明。但从作为朱明王朝所钦定之官方意识形态的角度看,则明代集权专制的强化与士人政治生态的恶化既是导致朱子学裂变的真正原因,同时也促使其原本带有“公共”性质的天理本体论不得不向着个体精神的层面进行落实;正是朱子学的裂变以及思想专制与政治生态的持续恶化所导致的个体觉醒,构成了阳明心学所以崛起的思想文化氛围;而其“随时知是知非”的良知则在唤醒个体精神的同时,也将宋代的“得君行道”追求推进到明代的“觉民行道”层面。
The consistency of Song and Ming ideology pedigree can be said that since the formation of self-care theory, people have a basic consensus on Neo-Confucianism until now, but there is a certain degree of dissociation between the two schools of neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties At the same time, there is also a constant shift toward exploration. For such freedom and turn, people can not only analyze from the development of Neo-Confucianism, but also from the perspective of social thought. However, from the angle of the official ideology of the Zhu Ming dynasty, the intensification of authoritarian monarchy and the deteriorating of scholars’ political ecology are not only the real reasons leading to the fission of the Zhuzi dynasty, but also the original “public” nature The heavenly ontology had to be implemented toward the individual spirit level. It is precisely the individual awakening caused by the fission of Zhu Xi and the continuous worsening of ideological autocracy and political ecology, which constitutes the ideological and cultural atmosphere of the rise of Yangming’s school of thought. The conscience “knowing at any time” is not only in awakening the individual spirit, but also promoting the pursuit of the “junking road” in the Song Dynasty to the level of “sensation of the citizen” in the Ming Dynasty.