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农业生产效率低下是制约中国农业可持续发展的关键。由信贷约束引发的资本投入不足,生产要素配比不合理,以及节水灌溉等先进技术采用率低,是西北干旱地区农业生产效率低下的主要原因。基于此,本文使用甘肃张掖367户玉米种植户调研数据,在运用随机前沿生产函数法对不同灌溉技术条件下农户生产效率进行测算的基础上,从农户信贷金额、利率和期限三个维度探析信贷约束对农户生产效率的影响,并运用分位数回归模型,检验信贷约束对不同水平生产效率的影响。研究结果发现:节水灌溉技术对农户生产效率的提高有显著促进作用;金额约束和利率约束抑制生产效率的提高,而期限约束的影响则不显著;金额约束对生产效率较低农户的影响较大,而利率约束则对生产效率较高农户的影响更为突出。
The inefficiency of agricultural production is the key to restrain the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Lack of capital investment caused by credit constraints, unreasonable ratio of production factors, and the low adoption rate of advanced technologies such as water-saving irrigation are the main reasons for the inefficiency of agricultural production in the arid areas of Northwest China. Based on this, this paper uses the survey data of 367 corn growers in Zhangye of Gansu Province. Based on the calculation of farmers’ production efficiency under different irrigation technologies using stochastic frontier production function method, this paper analyzes the credit from the three dimensions of household credit amount, interest rate and deadline Constraints on the production efficiency of farmers, and the use of quantile regression model to test the impact of credit constraints on different levels of production efficiency. The results showed that: the water-saving irrigation technology has a significant role in promoting the production efficiency of farmers; the amount of constraints and interest rate constraints inhibit the increase of production efficiency, but the effect of the term constraints is not significant; the impact of the amount of constraints on the farmers with lower production efficiency than Large, while interest rate constraints have more prominent impact on farmers with higher production efficiency.