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以车体承载结构的质量为目标函数,以部件板厚为设计变量,以关键工况载荷下车体结构的应力与挠度为约束条件,建立轴载40 t矿石敞车车体承载结构的优化设计数学模型。引入约束违反惩罚项构造新的无约束目标函数,用共轭梯度法确定探索方向,用最小二乘法逼近目标函数。在有限元分析软件ANSYS的二次开发平台上,运用参数化设计语言APDL,进行车体承载结构质量极小化的迭代计算。分析结果表明:1/4车体承载结构的质量由1.939 5 t减小到1.760 7 t,减轻约为9.22%,车辆自重系数达到0.16,减轻后车体结构强度和刚度仍满足相关规范与设计要求。
Taking the mass of the bearing structure as the objective function and the thickness of the component as the design variables, the optimal design of the load-bearing structure of the 40 t ore gondola car based on the stress and deflection of the car body under the critical working load is taken as the constraint condition mathematical model. A new unconstrained objective function is introduced by introducing constraint violation penalty. The direction of search is determined by conjugate gradient method, and the objective function is approximated by the least square method. On the secondary development platform of finite element analysis software ANSYS, we use the parametric design language APDL to carry out the iterative calculation of minimizing the mass of the vehicle body bearing structure. The analysis results show that the mass of quarter bearing body structure decreases from 1.939 5 t to 1.760 7 t, which is about 9.22%, and the self-weight coefficient of vehicle reaches 0.16. The structural strength and rigidity of the rear body structure still meet the relevant specifications and design Claim.