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RNA干扰是指生物体内利用双链RNA(dsRNA)诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解,导致转录后基因沉默的现象。近年来RNAi技术在医学研究中的广泛应用取得了显著的基因沉默效果,并以其高效、特异等显著优势成为研究基因功能的新手段。大肠癌的恶性度高,发展迅速,治疗困难,病死率高,其发生发展涉及原癌基因的激活、抑癌基因的失活及突变,以及凋亡相关基因的异常表达等过程,多数伴有大量基因的过度表达。本文就RNAi的作用机制、特点及其在大肠癌研究中的应用作一综述。
RNA interference is the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in vivo to induce homologous target gene mRNA-specific degradation, leading to the phenomenon of post-transcriptional gene silencing. In recent years, RNAi technology has obtained remarkable gene silencing effect in the extensive application of medical research, and has become a new means to study gene function with its remarkable advantages such as high efficiency and specificity. Colorectal cancer with high malignant, rapid development, treatment difficulties, high mortality, the occurrence and development of proto-oncogene activation, tumor suppressor gene inactivation and mutation, and abnormal expression of apoptosis-related genes and other processes, most of them Overexpression of large numbers of genes. This review summarizes the mechanism and characteristics of RNAi and its application in colorectal cancer research.