论文部分内容阅读
从总量上看,我国目前能源消耗量为10亿多吨标准煤,有效利用率为30%左右,与日、美、英、法、德等工业发达国家相比,节能潜力为3亿多吨标准煤。如以国民生产总值能耗与国外对比,1987年我国每亿美元国民生产总值(按1980年汇率计算)消耗的能源,比法国、日本高近五倍,比英国、原联邦德国高三倍多,比美国高近二倍,比印度高一倍多。1987～1990年我国每亿元国民生产总值的钢材消耗量为0.57万吨,相当于工业发达国家的5～7倍。(1)供电煤耗,我国为430克/千瓦小时,比国外先进水平高100克,一年多耗5000万吨标准煤。(2)吨钢综合能耗,我国重点企业平均1.2吨标准煤,比国外先进水平高50%,一年多耗3000多万吨标准煤。(3)吨合成氨能耗(中小型企业),我国平均为2000多公斤标准煤,比国外先进水平高出近一倍;按年化肥产量
From a total point of view, China’s current energy consumption of more than 1 billion tons of standard coal, the effective utilization rate of about 30%, and Japan, the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other industrialized countries, compared with energy-saving potential of 300 million Tons of standard coal. For example, comparing energy consumption per GNP with that of foreign countries, the energy consumed per billion U.S. dollars of GNP (calculated at 1980 exchange rate) in 1987 was nearly five times that of France and Japan and three times higher than that of Britain and the former Federal Republic of Germany More than twice as high as the United States and more than twice as many as India. From 1987 to 1990, China’s steel consumption per 100 million yuan of GDP was 0.57 million tons, equivalent to 5 to 7 times that of industrialized countries. (1) Power coal consumption, China 430 g / kWh, higher than the advanced level of 100 grams abroad, more than 50 million tons of standard coal consumption a year. (2) Comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel, China’s key enterprises an average of 1.2 tons of standard coal, 50% higher than the advanced level abroad, more than 30 million tons of standard coal consumption a year. (3) tons of ammonia energy consumption (small and medium enterprises), China’s average of more than 2000 kilograms of standard coal, nearly double the advanced level abroad; annual fertilizer production