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国家责任是指国际法主体为其国际不法行为或损害行为所应承担的国际法律责任。从20世纪中叶开始,不仅在理论上,在国际中也出现了许多确认国际法不加禁止行为的赔偿责任的司法判例、大量涉及或专门规定国家某些具体活动造成损害的赔偿责任的国际条约以及其他有关国际文件。这些都在客观上促使国家责任制度和国际立法向前发展。鉴于传统国家责任制度的局限性和现实需要,作为传统国家责任制度的补充和发展,跨界损害的国家责任之目的和作用不是削弱国家责任制度,而是对国家责任制度的进一步完善。
State responsibility is the international legal responsibility to which the subject of international law should be responsible for an internationally wrongful act or injury. Since the middle of the 20th century, not only in theory, but also many international jurisdictions that recognize the liability of non-prohibited international law in international law, international treaties that extensively cover or specifically provide for liability for damages caused by certain specific activities in the country, and Other relevant international documents. All of these objectively promote the development of the state responsibility system and international legislation. In view of the limitations and realistic needs of the traditional state responsibility system, as the supplement and development of the traditional state responsibility system, the purpose and role of the state responsibility of transboundary harm are not to weaken the state responsibility system, but to further improve the system of state responsibility.