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论述了我国南方玄武岩和花岗岩发育的铁铝土原生矿物和粘土矿物物组成及其风化和演变。玄武岩发育的土壤中，风化强烈的砖红壤含重矿物主要集中在10～50μm和50～100μm粒级中，达35％～92％；风化较弱的红壤和赤红壤含重矿物主要在100～250μm粒级中，达10％～20％；而花岗岩发育的铁铝土中，轻矿物占绝对优势。玄武岩发育的赤红壤和红壤中高岭石含量低于花岗岩发育的同类土20％。而前者发育的红壤粘粒（＜2μm）中高岭石和非晶物质含量都低于砖红壤和赤红壤：后者发育的赤红壤、红壤和黄壤粘粒中高岭石含量分别为54％、42％和35％。研究花岗岩和玄武岩发育的红壤、黄壤的长石风化结果表明，长石在土壤中的风化深受气候和母质来源的双重影响，因而支配着它在土壤不同粒级中的分布。土壤中各种长石的风化顺序是：钠长石≥钾长石≥钙长石。
This paper discusses the composition, weathering and evolution of the primary minerals and clay minerals of ferroallo-bauxite developed in southern basalts and granites. In soils with basalt development, heavy weathered heavy brick red soil heavy minerals mainly concentrate in the grain size range of 10 ~ 50μm and 50 ~ 100μm, up to 35% ~ 92%. The heavy weathered red soil and reddish soil contain heavy minerals mainly in the range of 100 ~ 250μm grain size, up to 10% to 20%; while the development of granite iron, the absolute advantage of light minerals. The content of kaolinite in reddish brown soil and red soil with basaltic development is lower than 20% of that of granite. The content of kaolinite and amorphous material in red clay clay (<2μm) of the former was lower than that of the lateritic and latosolic red earth: the later developed kaolinite, the red clay and the yellow clay clay respectively accounted for 54% and 42% And 35%. The results of the feldspar weathering of yellow soil in granite and basal red soil show that the weathering of feldspar in the soil is dominated by both the climate and the source of the parent material, thus controlling the distribution of feldspar in different soil fractions. The order of weathering of various feldspars in soils is: albite ≥ potassium feldspar ≥ periclase.