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晚清时期 ,河南作为一个灾荒频仍的区域 ,灾荒对之影响有三 :人口减少、生态环境恶化、社会危机。
In the late Qing Dynasty, as a frequently-devastated area in Henan, there were three impacts of famine: population decline, deterioration of the ecological environment, and social crisis.