2013年恰逢贝叶斯定理发表250周年,国内外有关学术团体组织了一系列纪念活动。本文借纪念贝叶斯定理发表250周年的机会,简要地介绍贝叶斯统计的兴起、发展和应用情况。在国际统计学术界中有两大学派——贝叶斯学派和经典学派(或频率学派),这两个学派之间长期存在争论,至今没有定论。在上个世纪,Lindley In 2013 coincides with the 250th anniversary of the Bayesian theorem, relevant academic groups at home and abroad have organized a series of commemorative activities. This article commemorates the 250th anniversary of the Bayesian theorem, giving a brief introduction to the rise, development and application of Bayesian statistics. There are two schools of thought in the field of international statistics, the Bayesian School and the classical school (or the frequency school), and the two schools have long been in dispute and so far there is no conclusion. In the last century, Lindley