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19世纪下半叶是法国传统农业向现代农业转型的重要时期。工商业的发展,城市的膨胀为农业变革提供前所未有的机遇和条件,促使农民个体更多地卷入商品生产,农业革命展开,资本主义大农场出现。但是农业的转型过程在各地区之间发展极不平衡,这是造成19世纪法国土地占有总体结构没有出现根本性变化的重要原因。而农业资本积累和投入的不足及小土地占有结构又制约着农业现代化的发展速度。法国农业现代化的最终完成还取决于新的经济环境和机遇。
The second half of the 19th century was an important period for the transformation of French traditional agriculture into modern agriculture. The development of industry and commerce, the expansion of the city provided unprecedented opportunities and conditions for agricultural reform, prompting peasants to become more involved in the production of commodities, the agrarian revolution started, and the capitalist ranch appeared. However, the process of agricultural transformation has been extremely uneven among all regions. This is an important reason for the fact that there has been no fundamental change in the overall structure of land ownership in France in the nineteenth century. The lack of accumulation and investment of agricultural capital and small land ownership structure also restrict the pace of agricultural modernization. The finalization of France’s agricultural modernization will also depend on the new economic environment and opportunities.