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一、强调句型
基本结构：it is/was + 强调部分+who/that + 句子的其它部分
在强调句中，如果强调的是主语，指人时后面可用who或that引导句子的其它部分；如果强调的是主语但主语非人，或强调的是宾语、状语，后面只能用that来引导句子的其他部分。如果前面是it is, 句子的其他部分应该用相应的现在时；如果前面是it was, 后面的句子其它部分应该用相应的过去时。例如：
It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid thatsaved Ms Slade’s life.
是John的敏捷的行动和急救知识救了Slade女士的命。
It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
是人类的活动导致了全球变暖，而不是一种无规律的自然现象。
It was a scientist called Charles keeling, who/that made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
正是一位名叫Charles keeling的科学家曾经对1957-1997年间大气层中的二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。
It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
在夏季奧运会中才有赛跑，还有游泳，帆船和所有的团体比赛。
二、作形式主语
英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语时，主语往往显得很长，使句子头重脚轻，这就需要借助it作形式主语，把实际主语移到后面，使句子结构平衡。
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on as long as you are using it—if not, turn it off.
只要是在用电器设备，你就可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉。
But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
但是，很显然到了13世纪时，观念发生了变化，像Giotto di Bondone这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪如此多的名家巨作。
It can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
可以证明，中国比世界上任何其他国家的人都多。
还有一些这样的句子，也是用it作形式主语：
It looks as if we’re going to miss the flight. 好像我们要错过航班了。
It looks though we shall have to do the work ourselves. 好像我们要自己做这项工作了。
It happened that I had read that article somewhere. 碰巧我在某个地方读过这篇文章。
It occurred to me that I could do it in another way. 我突然想到我可以用另一种方法做。
三、作形式宾语
这种情况通常只用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，这类动词可以是think/believe/feel/make/consider/find，句子真正的宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或从句。
I shall feel it my duty to change all that.
我觉得改变那些是我的责任。
Wherever he is, he makes it a rule to take part in physical labor.
不论在哪里，他都坚持着体力劳动的习惯。
We found it useless arguing with him.
我们发现和他争论没有用。
The student made it clear that he wanted to have a try.
这个学生表达得很清楚，他想试一试。
还有这样一些结构：take it for granted that ... see to it that ... depend on it that ...
We often take it for granted that our parents do all these for us.
我们常常认为父母为我们做这些是理所当然的。
I will see to it that all of you go back home safe.
我负责你们所有的人安全回家。
四、It is time(about time, high time) that —句型
that从句中常用一般过去时态，表示“该是……的时候了”，that有时可以省略。
It’s time (that) you went to bed.
你该上床睡觉了。
五、It is/was the first/second/— time that—句型
that从句中常用完成时态。如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时，则从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是一年半来我第一次面对面地看见夜晚。
It is the second time that I have been to Beijing.
这是我第二次来北京。
六、It is/was/has been+一段时间+since ... 句型
主句中以时间段作表语，从句中谓语动词通常是瞬间动词的一般过去时态；当从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，若该动词用一般过去时，则表示该动作的结束距离现在的时间；若该动词用完成时，则表示该动作的发生距离现在的时间。
It is (has been) five years since I left here. 我离开这儿有五年了。
It is(has been) five years since I smoked.=I smoked five years ago.
我戒烟有五年了。
It is(has been) five years since I have smoked.=I have smoked for five years.
我吸煙有五年了。
七、It is ... when ... 句型
when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由表示具体时间点的词语来充当。
It was five o’clock when he got home.
他到家的时候是5点。
八、It is ... before ... 句型
主句中的it指时间，谓语动词的时态是一般将来时或一般过去时。主句中的表语多是long, not long, three days, two weeks等表示一段时间的词语。
It was three days before he went to Beijing.
3天后，他去了北京。
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
不久他就会把他的工作做完。
九、When it comes to ... 句型
该句型表示“当谈到……的时候”
When it comes to mathematics, I’m completely at sea.
一谈到数学，我就完全迷茫了。
The school has very good teachers, but when it comes to buildings, the school is very poor.
这个学校有很好的老师，但是说到校舍，这所学校就很可怜了。
练习
用下列所给词的正确形式完成句子：
1. The doctor told us that it is no good___________ (吃太多的肉). (eat)
2._________________________ (据报道) 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. (report)
3. It was not until the next day_______________(他们到达) the camp site. (arrive)
4. It may be very hard_________________________(通过考试)， but I’ll take the chance. (pass)
5. A lot of people_________________________(觉得……有用) to have a phrasebook when they travel to a country where they don’t know the language. (find)
6. It’s already 7 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we_________________________(去学校)? (go)
7. Not only_________________________(这是一件有意思的事) to do it, but it is also a good idea to reduce the potential dangers. (fun)
8._________________________ （真可惜） we are letting our culture treasures die right before our eyes. (pity)
参考答案
1. eating too much meat
2. It’s reported that
3. that they arrived at
4. to pass the exam
5. find it (is) useful
6. went to school
7. is it fun
8. It is a pity that
基本结构：it is/was + 强调部分+who/that + 句子的其它部分
在强调句中，如果强调的是主语，指人时后面可用who或that引导句子的其它部分；如果强调的是主语但主语非人，或强调的是宾语、状语，后面只能用that来引导句子的其他部分。如果前面是it is, 句子的其他部分应该用相应的现在时；如果前面是it was, 后面的句子其它部分应该用相应的过去时。例如：
It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid thatsaved Ms Slade’s life.
是John的敏捷的行动和急救知识救了Slade女士的命。
It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
是人类的活动导致了全球变暖，而不是一种无规律的自然现象。
It was a scientist called Charles keeling, who/that made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
正是一位名叫Charles keeling的科学家曾经对1957-1997年间大气层中的二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。
It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
在夏季奧运会中才有赛跑，还有游泳，帆船和所有的团体比赛。
二、作形式主语
英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语时，主语往往显得很长，使句子头重脚轻，这就需要借助it作形式主语，把实际主语移到后面，使句子结构平衡。
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on as long as you are using it—if not, turn it off.
只要是在用电器设备，你就可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉。
But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
但是，很显然到了13世纪时，观念发生了变化，像Giotto di Bondone这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪如此多的名家巨作。
It can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
可以证明，中国比世界上任何其他国家的人都多。
还有一些这样的句子，也是用it作形式主语：
It looks as if we’re going to miss the flight. 好像我们要错过航班了。
It looks though we shall have to do the work ourselves. 好像我们要自己做这项工作了。
It happened that I had read that article somewhere. 碰巧我在某个地方读过这篇文章。
It occurred to me that I could do it in another way. 我突然想到我可以用另一种方法做。
三、作形式宾语
这种情况通常只用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，这类动词可以是think/believe/feel/make/consider/find，句子真正的宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或从句。
I shall feel it my duty to change all that.
我觉得改变那些是我的责任。
Wherever he is, he makes it a rule to take part in physical labor.
不论在哪里，他都坚持着体力劳动的习惯。
We found it useless arguing with him.
我们发现和他争论没有用。
The student made it clear that he wanted to have a try.
这个学生表达得很清楚，他想试一试。
还有这样一些结构：take it for granted that ... see to it that ... depend on it that ...
We often take it for granted that our parents do all these for us.
我们常常认为父母为我们做这些是理所当然的。
I will see to it that all of you go back home safe.
我负责你们所有的人安全回家。
四、It is time(about time, high time) that —句型
that从句中常用一般过去时态，表示“该是……的时候了”，that有时可以省略。
It’s time (that) you went to bed.
你该上床睡觉了。
五、It is/was the first/second/— time that—句型
that从句中常用完成时态。如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时，则从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是一年半来我第一次面对面地看见夜晚。
It is the second time that I have been to Beijing.
这是我第二次来北京。
六、It is/was/has been+一段时间+since ... 句型
主句中以时间段作表语，从句中谓语动词通常是瞬间动词的一般过去时态；当从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，若该动词用一般过去时，则表示该动作的结束距离现在的时间；若该动词用完成时，则表示该动作的发生距离现在的时间。
It is (has been) five years since I left here. 我离开这儿有五年了。
It is(has been) five years since I smoked.=I smoked five years ago.
我戒烟有五年了。
It is(has been) five years since I have smoked.=I have smoked for five years.
我吸煙有五年了。
七、It is ... when ... 句型
when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由表示具体时间点的词语来充当。
It was five o’clock when he got home.
他到家的时候是5点。
八、It is ... before ... 句型
主句中的it指时间，谓语动词的时态是一般将来时或一般过去时。主句中的表语多是long, not long, three days, two weeks等表示一段时间的词语。
It was three days before he went to Beijing.
3天后，他去了北京。
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
不久他就会把他的工作做完。
九、When it comes to ... 句型
该句型表示“当谈到……的时候”
When it comes to mathematics, I’m completely at sea.
一谈到数学，我就完全迷茫了。
The school has very good teachers, but when it comes to buildings, the school is very poor.
这个学校有很好的老师，但是说到校舍，这所学校就很可怜了。
练习
用下列所给词的正确形式完成句子：
1. The doctor told us that it is no good___________ (吃太多的肉). (eat)
2._________________________ (据报道) 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. (report)
3. It was not until the next day_______________(他们到达) the camp site. (arrive)
4. It may be very hard_________________________(通过考试)， but I’ll take the chance. (pass)
5. A lot of people_________________________(觉得……有用) to have a phrasebook when they travel to a country where they don’t know the language. (find)
6. It’s already 7 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we_________________________(去学校)? (go)
7. Not only_________________________(这是一件有意思的事) to do it, but it is also a good idea to reduce the potential dangers. (fun)
8._________________________ （真可惜） we are letting our culture treasures die right before our eyes. (pity)
参考答案
1. eating too much meat
2. It’s reported that
3. that they arrived at
4. to pass the exam
5. find it (is) useful
6. went to school
7. is it fun
8. It is a pity that