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随着农业产业结构调整,滇西南地区新植果园不断增多,水土流失及土壤退化成为该区域内普遍存在的重要生态环境问题。为提供切实可行的耕作技术指导,保护生态环境安全,本研究以滇西南边境地区坡耕地幼龄果园为对象,通过测定3种不同耕作措施(传统耕作、秸秆覆盖和生物覆盖)下的土壤养分状况、地表径流量和土壤流失量,研究不同保护性耕作模式的水土保持效果及作用机理。结果表明:秸秆覆盖和生物覆盖均能改善土壤养分状况,减少水土流失。相比于传统耕作,其他2种保护性耕作模式的土壤有机质、全氮和全钾质量分数增加了14%以上,径流量减少20%左右,土壤流失量减少10%~30%,总养分流失减少20%~30%。其中,生物覆盖模式水土保持效果更为显著,而且,随着试验时间推进,秸秆覆盖和生物覆盖模式的水土保持效果有明显增加的趋势。
With the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, the number of newly planted orchards in southwestern Yunnan has been increasing. Soil and water loss and soil degradation have become the most important ecological and environmental problems in the region. In order to provide practical and technical guidance on tillage and protect the ecological environment, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three kinds of tillage practices (traditional tillage, straw mulch and bio-coverage) on the young orchard on the sloping farmland in the southwestern Yunnan Province. Condition, surface runoff and soil loss to study the effects of conservation tillage and soil conservation mechanism. The results showed that both straw mulching and biological covering could improve soil nutrient status and reduce soil erosion. Compared with the traditional tillage, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total potassium in the other two conservation tillage modes increased by more than 14%, the runoff decreased by 20%, the soil loss decreased by 10% -30%, the total nutrient loss Reduce 20% ~ 30%. Among them, the bio-coverage model has more significant effects of soil and water conservation. Moreover, with the promotion of experimental time, soil and water conservation effects of straw mulching and biological mulching patterns have obviously increased.