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电势差和电场强度都是描述电场性质的物理量,都由电场本身决定,但这两个物理量之间无直接关系.电场强度是从力的角度描述电场性质的物理量,是矢量;电势差则是从能量角度来描述电场性质的物理量,是标量.但是电场强度与电势差之间有一定的关系.1.匀强电场中电势差与电场强度的关系(1)方向关系:由图1可知,由A点沿AB、AC、AD、AF路径电势均降落,且U_(AB)=U_(AC)=U_(AD)=U_(AF),其中AB路径电势降落最快(单位长度上的电势差最大).由
Potential difference and electric field strength are all physical quantities describing the nature of the electric field, which are all determined by the electric field itself, but there is no direct relationship between the two physical quantities.Electric field strength is a physical quantity describing the nature of the electric field from a force point and a vector, However, there is a certain relationship between the electric field strength and the potential difference. (1) The relationship between the potential difference and the electric field strength in the uniform electric field: (1) As shown in Fig. 1, from the point A The path potentials of AB, AC, AD and AF all fall, and U AB = U AC = U AD = U AF, in which the potential of AB path falls fastest (the potential difference per unit length is the largest)