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目的评价在艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人中开展“阳性预防”的效果。方法采用类实验设计,以云南省瑞丽市的HIV感染者和AIDS病人为对象,陇川县的为对照,进行干预前后问卷调查。结果 (1)基线调查:瑞丽市调查317人,陇川县调查308人,共625人,有效应答率99.20%。追踪调查,瑞丽市203人,随访率89.43%;陇川县274人,随访率88.96%。两地前后调查人群无明显偏倚。(2)干预后,大部分问题瑞丽市的知晓率超过陇川县,在自觉疾病易感性和严重性、自觉采纳健康行为的收益和主观准则4个信念维度上的均分显著增加;过去3个月,婚内性行为中坚持使用安全套的比例略有增长,非婚性行为中不用和几乎不用安全套的比例由23.08%下降到5.88%,最近一次性行为时安全套使用率也从77.97%提高到97.69%;不过,在减少吸毒和共用针具上的证据不足。结论 “阳性预防”有效提高了干预对象的相关知识和信念,也在一定程度上减少了高风险的性行为。
Objective To evaluate the effect of “positive prevention” in HIV / AIDS patients. Methods Based on the experimental design, the subjects of HIV infection and AIDS in Ruili City of Yunnan Province were selected as control subjects, and Longchuan County was used as control. The questionnaires were conducted before and after intervention. Results (1) Baseline survey: Ruili investigated 317 people and Longchuan County investigated 308 people with a total of 625 people, the effective response rate was 99.20%. Follow-up investigation, 203 people in Ruili City, the follow-up rate of 89.43%; Longchuan County, 274 people, the follow-up rate of 88.96%. No significant bias was found in the population surveyed before and after the two places. (2) After the intervention, the awareness rate of most problems in Ruili City surpassed that of Longchuan County, and the mean scores of four beliefs in the predisposing and seriousness of voluntary diseases and the benefits and subjective criteria of adopting healthy behaviors were significantly increased. In the past, 3 In a month, the proportion of insisted condom use in marriage increased slightly from 23.08% to 5.88% for non-marital sex and increased from 77.97% for the most recent sexual activity To 97.69%; however, there is insufficient evidence to reduce drug abuse and sharing needles. Conclusion “Positive prevention ” has effectively improved the relevant knowledge and belief of the intervention target, and also reduced the high-risk sexual behavior to a certain extent.