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韩国取得巨大经济成就中,海运与港口业发挥了重要的作用。为促进国家海运业的发展,1976年3月,成立了隶属于当时交通部（现建设交通部）的副部级政府机构——韩国海运港湾厅（KOREA MAR-ITIME ＆ PORT ADMINIS-TRATION,以下简称KMPA）,主要负责海运事务、港口营运与港口发展的行政管理。同时,该机构还参与国家有关海运与港口政策的制订工作。 一、港口管理体制 在韩国,有由KMPA直接管理的49个主要港口。这些港口分为国际贸易港口（27个）和国内贸易港口（22个）两类。国际贸易港口为西海岸的仁川、平泽、大山、康津、江洪、群山和木浦,南海岸的釜山、莞岛、丽水、光阳、济州、西归浦、三千浦、忠武、高兴、奥浦、长承浦、马山和镇海,东海岸的蔚山、浦项、三涉、东海、墨湖、奥开和束草。这些港口在韩国的对外贸易中发挥着重要作用,其建设、
Among the great economic achievements made by South Korea, the shipping and port industries have played an important role. In order to promote the development of the national shipping industry, in March 1976, a subsidiary government agency under the Ministry of Communications (currently Ministry of Construction and Transportation) was established - KOREA MAR-ITIME & PORT ADMINIS-TRATION Referred to as KMPA), is mainly responsible for maritime affairs, port operations and port development administration. At the same time, the agency is also involved in the preparation of national maritime and port policies. First, the port management system In Korea, there are 49 major ports directly managed by KMPA. These ports are divided into two categories: international trade port (27) and domestic trade port (22). The international trade ports are Incheon, Pyeongtaek, Dashan, Kandujin, Jianghong, Gunsan and Mokpo on the West Coast, Busan, Wando, Yeosu, Gwangyang, Jeju, Seogwipo, Sanpo, Chungmu, Pleasure on the South Coast , Ao Pu, Chang Cheng Pu, Masan and Zhenhai, the Ulsan, Pohang, Sanwu, East China Sea, Mohu, Okhotsk and Sokcho on the east coast. These ports play an important role in South Korea’s foreign trade. Their construction,