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时清时期是我国历史上人口迁移极其频繁的时代。本文主要探讨明清两代今陕西省境内的人口迁移过程，包括人口迁移的原因、形式、迁移数量、外来移民的地区分布等。在此基础上，本文还分析总结了外来移民对迁入地区的人口分布、经济开发、自然环境等方面的影响。本文认为，由于外来移民的大量迁入，明清时期陕南许多山区得到广泛开垦，耕地面积大为增加，土地开发利用程度超过历史上任何时期，客观上促进了各有关迁入区经济的发展。但由于大肆毁林开荒，盲目扩大耕地面积，致使陕南山区自然环境遭到严重破坏，自然灾害频频发生，从而制约当地经济的持续发展。这一教训我们应引以为诫。
The Qing Dynasty was an era of extremely frequent population movements in our country’s history. This paper mainly discusses the process of population migration in Shaanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including the reasons and forms of population migration, the number of migrations and the geographical distribution of immigrants. On this basis, this article also analyzes and summarizes the impact of immigration on the population distribution, economic development, natural environment and other aspects of immigration. This paper argues that due to the massive immigration of immigrants, many mountainous areas in southern Shaanxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been extensively reclaimed, the cultivated area has greatly increased, and the degree of land development and utilization has surpassed any period in history, objectively promoting the economic development of all relevant relocated areas . However, due to wanton deforestation and blind expansion of arable land, the natural environment in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi was severely damaged and natural disasters occurred frequently, thereby limiting the sustainable development of the local economy. We should quote this lesson as a warning.