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迅速提高的人工成本已开始彻底改变了香港、南朝鲜、新加坡和台湾这几个亚洲新兴工业化经济的比较利益。在它们历来低工资与劳动密集型的制造业领域中的生产者,已感到越来越难以同东南亚和中国那些成本更低的生产者竞争了。这些新兴工业化经济不得不重新调整其产业结构,即转向较高增值型与技能较密集型制造业和企业服务业。这个在八十年代末期达到了高潮的调整过程,至今仍方兴未艾。劳力增长率的下降和劳力的迅速老化,表明工资压力仍将继续存在,结构调整努力也仍须继续进行。这些努力将在中期内
The rapidly rising labor costs have begun to revolutionize the comparative advantages of the newly industrialized economies in Asia such as Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. Producers in their historically low-wage and labor-intensive manufacturing sector have found it increasingly difficult to compete with less-cost producers in Southeast Asia and China. These newly industrialized economies have had to readjust their industrial structure towards more value-added and more skill-intensive manufacturing and business services. This process of adjustment culminating in the late 1980s is still in the ascendant. The drop in the rate of labor increase and the rapid aging of labor force indicate that wage pressures will continue to exist and structural adjustment efforts still need to continue. These efforts will be in the medium term