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高速远程滑坡动力学近百余年来一直是滑坡学领域的研究热点和难点问题之一,但是由于高速远程滑坡自身的复杂性,到目前为止,大家公认的研究成果较少。该文以2008年5.12汶川地震触发的映秀牛眠沟高速远程滑坡为研究对象,在现场调查和遥感解译的基础上,根据其运动特征,将其运动过程分为启动及碎屑化、凌空飞行和碎屑流三个阶段,并对这三个阶段的动力学机理分别进行了研究。结果显示,牛眠沟滑坡失稳是地震竖向力和水平力共同作用的结果,而凌空飞行阶段的气垫效应和碎屑流阶段的碎屑物质流化是牛眠沟滑坡能够高速远程的主要原因。其研究成果对今后类似的研究具有一定的参考价值,并对高速远程滑坡的致灾范围预测具有指导意义。
High-speed long-range landslide dynamics has been one of the hot and difficult problems in the field of landslide for more than 100 years. However, due to the complexity of high-speed long-range landslides, so far, there are few acknowledged achievements. In this paper, the high-speed long-range landslides triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 are studied. Based on the field survey and remote sensing interpretation, the movement process is divided into start-up and crumb based on their movement characteristics. Flight and debris flow in three stages, and the dynamics of these three stages were studied separately. The results show that the instability of landslides in NiuMianGou is the result of the joint action of vertical force and horizontal force of the earthquake, while the air cushion effect at the volley flight stage and the debris fluidization in the debris flow stage are the main the reason. The research results have certain reference value for similar researches in the future, and are instructive for predicting the disaster range of high-speed remote landslide.