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【目的】对涵盖30年的昆明地区0～6岁儿童生长发育调查数据,从中研究分析他们生长的长期趋势,为建立昆明地区0～6岁儿童身体发育指数的指标体系奠定基础。【方法】对昆明地区参与卫生部领导下的全国九市自1975年起每隔10年一次至2005年共计四个调查年段,“0～6岁儿童体格发育调查研究”昆明地区调查数据(体重、身高、胸围的均值),进行儿童身体发育指数(维尔维克指数,身高胸围指数)的研究。【结果】维尔维克指数:均值没有随年龄的增长而加大,出生后由低向高至3月龄达高峰,以后随年龄的增长而均值在下降,0～6岁的转折点主要在生后3个月。学龄前一直处在出生后的下降阶段。昆明此指数约10～12月龄与出生时相同。身高胸围指数:出生后至1月龄升至高点,以后随年龄的增长而在减小,至学龄前无升高趋势。胸廓发育农村总体好于城区,只有一个年段,1995年是城区好于农村。30年的均值最高在1975年调查年段农男组,其值以后一直未被超越。但是2005年自3岁组,城市男女童该指数均值已表现出明显超越农村同龄儿童的趋势。【结论】30年来昆明地区0～6岁儿童的生长发育呈现波浪状生长的趋势。
【Objective】 To investigate the long-term trends of growth of children aged 0-6 years in Kunming, China, and to lay a foundation for establishing the index system of body development index of 0-6 years old children in Kunming. 【Method】 Kunming area participated in the investigation of all the nine cities under the leadership of the Ministry of Health in China from 1975 to 2005 every year for a total of four survey periods. The survey of physical development of children aged 0-6 years was conducted in Kunming area Data (body weight, height, mean bust) were used to study the Childhood Physical Development Index (Verwik Index, Height and Bust Index). [Results] The Wilkens index: the mean did not increase with age, from low to high after birth to 3-month peak, then with the increase of the mean while the average decline, 0 to 6-year-old turning point mainly in health After 3 months. Preschool age has been in post-natal decline. Kunming This index is about 10 ~ 12 months old the same as at birth. Height and Bust Index: After birth to 1 month rose to a high point, with the increase of age and then decreased, no upward trend before school age. Thoracic development in rural areas overall better than the city, only one year, in 1995 the city is better than the rural areas. The 30-year average was the highest in the Nankun group in the 1975 survey, and its value has not been surpassed since. However, since the age of 3 in 2005, the mean value of urban boys and girls in urban areas has shown a clear trend of surpassing rural children of the same age. 【Conclusion】 The growth and development of 0-6-year-old children in Kunming area showed a wavy growth trend over the past 30 years.