国家助学贷款是我国推进科教兴国、促进教育公平的重大举措。但自1999年施行以来,我国的国家助学贷款实施效果并不是很理想,在机制设计上存在着诸多缺陷,陷入了制度困境—私法模式。因此,需要辨明国家助学贷款制度的性质,并由此以行政给付为维度具体论述助学贷款制度完善的路径与措施。 The national student loan is a major measure for our country to promote science and education and promote education and equity. However, since its implementation in 1999, the effect of implementing the national student loans in China is not very satisfactory. There are many flaws in the mechanism design and it falls into the system predicament - the private law model. Therefore, it is necessary to discern the nature of the national student loan system, and thus to discuss in detail the path and measures for improving the student loan system with the administrative payment as the dimension.