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能源消耗与国民经济的增长息息相关。1973年及1979年相继出现世界性能源危机,迫使许多国家在增加能源生产、开辟新能源和管理节能工作。金属矿山是能源消费工业,虽然能源费用在矿山生产成本中所占的比例平均只10％左右,且其中采矿的能源费用又仅占大约30％,但由于其所消耗的多属非可再生的商品能源,且随着近几年能源价格直线上升,采矿成本中能源费用比重也迅速增加,这已成为不可忽视的重要因素,故许多金属矿山对节能工作亦极为重视。金属矿山的节能可通过软、硬两条途径。软途径系指健全能源管理、完善测试手段、合理安排生产、实行定额管理以提高现有系统能源利用率,避免不必要的损失浪费,达到近期节能的初步目标。硬途径系指通过对设备、工艺、能源、材料的技术改造,采用省能型的新技术、新工艺、新材料、新设备和可再生的新能源,以达到长远节能的战略目标。欲从根本上克服能源危机,此二途径缺一不可。本文第一部分从健全能源管理以提高矿山能源利用率、强化和改革现有采掘工艺与设备以降低单位产品综合能耗、深入进行矿物科学基础理论的研究并积极开辟采矿技术新领域以实现矿山节能长远规划等三方面,系统地介绍和评述了国外金属矿山能源管理与(?)能的主要经验,以供国内各有色金属矿山借镜和参考。
Energy consumption is closely related to the growth of the national economy. In 1973 and 1979, the world-wide energy crisis ensued one after another, forcing many countries to increase energy production, open up new sources of energy and manage energy conservation. Metal mines are energy consuming industries. Although energy costs account for only about 10% of mine production costs on average, and only about 30% of them are energy-related to mining, they are mostly non-renewable As energy prices have risen sharply in recent years, the share of energy costs in mining costs has also risen sharply. This has become an important factor that can not be ignored. Therefore, many metal mines attach great importance to energy conservation. Energy-saving metal mines can be soft and hard two ways. Soft means to improve the energy management, improve testing methods, reasonable arrangements for production, the implementation of quota management to improve the energy efficiency of existing systems, to avoid unnecessary loss of waste, to achieve the initial energy-saving goals. Hard means that through the technical transformation of equipment, technology, energy, materials, energy-saving new technologies, new processes, new materials, new equipment and renewable new energy sources, in order to achieve long-term energy-saving strategic goals. To fundamentally overcome the energy crisis, these two ways are indispensable. The first part of this article is to improve the energy efficiency of mines by improving energy management, strengthening and reforming the existing mining technology and equipment to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product, deeply studying the basic theory of mineral science and actively exploring new areas of mining technology to achieve energy saving in mines Long-term planning and other three aspects, systematically introduced and reviewed the foreign metal mine energy management and (?) Energy’s main experience for the domestic non-ferrous metal mines to borrow and reference.