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一、引言盖革计数管由于使用方便,因此在放射性同位素应用上和核物理实验上广泛地应用着。目前用来探测β射线的盖革计数管主要是薄壁圆柱形补数管与钟形端窗式计数管。因为薄壁计数管的管壁不能做得太薄,因此只能用来探测较高能量的β射线,而钟形计数管由于其窗口可以做到1mg/cm~2,因此可以探测能量较低的软β射线。而且端窗式计数管计算立体角方便,效率容易估计,因此目前在实验室里被大量采用。
I. INTRODUCTION Geiger counter tubes are widely used in radioisotope applications and nuclear physics experiments because of their ease of use. Currently used to detect β-ray Geiger count tube is mainly thin-walled cylindrical complement and bell-shaped end window counter. Because thin-walled counter tube wall can not be made too thin, it can only be used to detect higher-energy β-rays, while the bell counter can achieve 1mg / cm ~ 2 because of its window so it can detect lower energy Soft beta rays. And end-window counting tube to calculate the solid angle convenient, easy to estimate the efficiency, it is currently widely used in the laboratory.