目的:探讨体质状况对遵义市农村学龄儿童伤害发生的影响,为制定不同体质状况儿童伤害预防策略提供理论依据。方法:采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取中小学生2 865人进行问卷调查,收集其体质状况、伤害情况等,采用单、多因素非条件Logistic回归分析肥胖等对伤害的影响。结果:调查人群共386人发生伤害,伤害发生率为17.23%,其中消瘦、超重、肥胖儿童发生伤害人数分别为129、29和22人,发生率消瘦(21.43%)、超重(21.48%)、肥胖(24.44%),均高于正常儿童(14.59%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且伤害发生有随BMI分类增高而升高的趋势。消瘦(P=0.019)、超重与肥胖(P=0.003)在跌落伤、其他类型伤害发生率均高于正常儿童。多因素分析显示年龄(OR=0.83)是伤害的保护性因素,超重及肥胖(OR=1.59)是伤害发生的危险因素。结论:遵义市农村学龄儿童伤害发生率较高,超重及肥胖儿童是伤害发生的高危人群,应加强合理饮食及积极体育锻炼,控制体重,以降低伤害发生率。 Objective: To explore the impact of physical condition on the injury of rural school-age children in Zunyi city and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of injuries in children with different physical conditions. Methods: A total of 2865 primary and secondary school students were enrolled in this study. A total of 2 865 primary and secondary school students were recruited to conduct a questionnaire survey. Physical status and injuries were collected. Uni-logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of obesity on injuries. Results: A total of 386 people were injured and the incidence of injury was 17.23%. The number of wounded, overweight and obese children were 129, 29 and 22, respectively, the incidence of weight loss (21.43%), overweight (21.48%), Obesity (24.44%) were higher than those in normal children (14.59%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The incidence of injury increased with the increase of BMI. Weight loss (P = 0.019), overweight and obesity (P = 0.003) were associated with falls and other types of injuries were higher in children than in normal children. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR = 0.83) was a protective factor of injury. Overweight and obesity (OR = 1.59) were the risk factors of injury. Conclusion: The incidence of injuries among rural school-age children in Zunyi City is high. Overweight and obese children are the high risk groups of injuries. Reasonable diet and active physical exercises should be strengthened to control body weight so as to reduce the incidence of injuries.