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目的观察中国老年痴呆患者ａｐｏＥ基因型的分布，初步探讨ａｐｏＥ在老年痴呆发病中的作用。方法应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）对３５例健康人、２３例多梗塞性痴呆（ＭＩＤ）及１７例老年性痴呆（ＡＤ）患者进行ａｐｏＥ基因多态性分析，测定血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ａｐｏＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）和载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）的浓度。结果ＡＤ组与健康对照组在ａｐｏＥ基因频率及等位基因频率分布上的差异有显著性（χ２＝１１．５，Ｐ＜０．０５；χ２＝１６．２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＭＩＤ组与健康对照组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；应用Ｗｏｏｌｆ公式计算，发现ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与ＡＤ之间有显著性关联（χ２＝７．７，Ｐ＜０．０１），相关危险度（ＲＲ）＝３．０。ＡＤ组血清ａｐｏＥ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡⅠ、ａｐｏＢ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论结果提示ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与老年性痴呆有显著性关联，ａｐｏＥε４可能是ＡＤ发病的危险因素。
Objective To observe the distribution of apoE genotypes in Chinese patients with senile dementia and to explore the role of apoE in the pathogenesis of senile dementia. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the apoE gene polymorphism in 35 healthy subjects, 23 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and 17 patients with senile dementia (AD). The levels of serum cholesterol (TC) Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E apoE) concentrations. Results There was a significant difference in the frequency of allele and allele frequency between AD group and healthy control group (χ2 = 11.5, P <0.05; χ2 = 16.2, P <0.01); MID There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). There was a significant correlation between apoEε4 allele and AD (χ2 = 7.7, P <0.01) using Woolf formula, Correlated risk (RR) = 3.0. The level of serum apoE in AD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05), while the levels of TC, LDL-C, apoAⅠ and apoB in AD group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that apoEε4 allele is significantly associated with Alzheimer’s disease, apoEε4 may be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of AD.