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[目的]探明大田栽培条件下不同播种密度对机条播水稻分蘖特性的影响。[方法]以“淮稻5号”为材料,采用对典型水稻田块调查和试验相结合的方法,研究机械条播栽培模式下水稻分蘖的发生、成穗特点以及对产量的影响。[结果]在播种密度为180万~225万株/hm2时,单株成穗数多,第2~4叶位是分蘖发生的优势叶位,分蘖穗的穗部性状较好,虽然第1叶位的成穗数在茎蘖组成所占的比例较大,但其穗部性状较差,对最终产量贡献不大;当密度增至270万株/hm2时,单株成穗数极低,分蘖优势叶位减少,仅有第2、3叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位,其穗部性状较好,对产量贡献较大。[结论]在海丰地区,水稻机械直播适宜密度为180万~225万株/hm2,在该密度条件下,通过科学栽培措施促进第2~4叶位早发、多发,充分利用优势叶位的增产潜力,对机直播稻实现高产具有重要意义。
[Objective] The research aimed to find out the effects of different sowing densities on the tillering characteristics of paddy rice under field cultivation. [Method] With “Huai 5” as material, this paper studied the occurrence of tillers, the characteristics of spike formation and the effects on the yield of rice under the mechanical sowing cultivation mode by the method of combining the typical paddy field survey and experiment. [Result] When the sowing density was 1.8-2.25 million plants / hm2, the number of spike per plant was more, the second to the fourth leaf positions were the dominant leaf position for tillering, and the panicle characters of tillering spike were better. Although the first The percentage of spikelets in stems and tillers was larger than that in stems and tillers, but the spikes were poor, which did not contribute much to the final yield. When the density increased to 2.7 million plants / hm2, the number of spikes per plant was very low , The tillering dominant leaf position was reduced, only the second and third leaf position was the dominant leaf position for tillering and spike formation, and the ear traits were better and contributed more to the yield. [Conclusion] In Haifeng area, the optimum density of rice mechanical live broadcast was 1.8-2.25 million plants / hm2. Under this density condition, the second to the 4th leaf position could be premature and multiple through scientific cultivation measures, and the dominant leaf position The yield potential of direct seeding rice is of great significance to achieve high yield.