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十二指肠内容物(主要是胆酸,其次是溶血卵磷和胰酶)经常反流入胃可引起胃炎(浅表性→萎缩性)。这主要与胃黏膜屏障遭到破坏有关。胃黏膜屏障包括胃腔表面的黏液和黏膜上皮细胞。后者含脂蛋白层,能屏障H~+从胃液逆弥散至胃壁,因而能保持胃内酸度及蛋白酶的活力,并防止酸及蛋白酶侵入胃壁。胆酸(在胃内以胆盐形式存在)系脂溶性物质,可破坏黏膜细胞的脂蛋白层,引起黏膜炎症,并使H~+逆弥散入胃壁,而黏膜仍生存,能分泌胃酸及胃蛋白酶,胃酸(H~+)逆弥散进入黏膜,刺激肥大细胞分泌盐酸,并引起组织发炎及水肿;而且酸还能损坏血管导致出血。
Duodenal contents (mainly cholic acid, followed by hemolysin and trypsin) often reflux into the stomach can cause gastritis (superficial → atrophic). This is mainly related to the destruction of the gastric mucosal barrier. Gastric mucosal barriers include mucosal and mucosal epithelial cells on the surface of the gastric cavity. The latter containing the lipoprotein layer, can be barrier H ~ + anti-proliferation from the gastric juice to the stomach wall, which can maintain gastric acidity and protease activity, and prevent acid and protease invasion of the stomach. Cholic acid (in the form of bile salts in the stomach) is a fat-soluble substance that can damage the mucosal lipoprotein layer, causing mucosal inflammation, and make H ~ + inverse diffuse into the stomach wall, while mucosal survival, secretion of gastric acid and stomach Protease, gastric acid (H ~ +) inverse diffuse into the mucosa, stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid mast cells, and cause inflammation and edema; but also the acid can damage blood vessels leading to bleeding.