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相关系数和复相关系数是我们用来判断一个变量同另一个变量或几个变量线性相关程度的重要指标。一般来说,相关系数或复相关系数的绝对值接近于1,就说明因变量与自变量之间的联系紧密,而愈接近于零则说明因变量与自变量之间的联系松散。在进行简单相关分析时,人们通常把通过相关系数检验,而且相关系数较接近于1的一对变量判断为具有本质联系的变量,即一个变量的变动必然导致另一个变量发生近似于线性状态的变动。比如,某种商品的销售量与价格之间就存在这种联系。进行简单相关分析,不仅能初步了解一对变量间的联系程度及方向,而且还可以建立相应的回归线性方程,进行预测或推算。
Correlation coefficients and complex correlation coefficients are important indicators that we use to determine the linearity of a variable with another variable or variables. In general, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient or complex correlation coefficient close to 1, indicating that the dependent variable and the close relationship between the variables, and the closer to zero, indicating that the dependent variable and the loose connection between the independent variables. In simple correlation analysis, people usually pass the test of correlation coefficient, and the pair of variables whose correlation coefficient is close to 1 are judged to be the variables with essential relation, that is, the change of one variable will inevitably lead to the other variable approximately linear change. For example, there is such a link between the sales volume and the price of a certain product. Simple correlation analysis can not only understand the relationship between a pair of variables and the direction, but also can establish the corresponding linear regression equation to predict or calculate.