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埃及全国土地面积将近1,000,000平方公里,但是绝大部分是沙漠。只有沿着尼罗河一线和下游三角洲一带,可以依靠尼罗河的灌溉,从事耕种。耕地的面积一共是3,200平方公里,只占全国面积的3.1%。其中三角洲占全部耕地的三分之二。尼罗河从苏丹流进埃及,沿着一条峡谷,一直向北,直到开罗北面。峡谷到此为止,尼罗河就一分为二,伸向东北和西北两个方向,流入地中海,在下游形成一个扇形的三角洲。从苏丹、埃及边界到开罗附近为止,这条河谷长约1,200公里,最宽处约24公里,最窄处约1公里左右。从三角洲顶点到地中海的距离,约为160公里。作扇形展开的三角洲的最宽处,约为240公里。
Egypt covers nearly 1,000,000 square kilometers of land, but most of it is desert. Only along the Nile’s front and the lower reaches of the delta can rely on the irrigation of the Nile for cultivation. The total area of cultivated land is 3,200 square kilometers, accounting for only 3.1% of the national area. The delta accounts for two thirds of all arable land. The Nile flows from Sudan into Egypt, along a canyon, all the way north until the north of Cairo. At this point, the Nile divides itself into two parts, stretching both northeast and northwest into the Mediterranean, forming a fan-shaped delta downstream. From the border between Sudan and Egypt to the vicinity of Cairo, the valley is about 1,200 kilometers long, about 24 kilometers wide at the widest point, and about 1 kilometer at its narrowest. The distance from the tip of the delta to the Mediterranean is about 160 km. The widest point in the delta that fanned out was about 240 kilometers.