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中药水提液成分复杂,含有多种无效成分和杂质,为了减少中药制剂的体积,提高有效成分的含量,需要对水提液中的杂质进行去除。本文介绍了中药中所含杂质的种类及其危害,对目前常用的净化除杂方法进行了综述。不溶性杂质的去除方法主要有水提醇沉法、膜超滤法和絮凝法,其中絮凝法的除杂效果好、成本低;水提液中溶解性重金属离子的去除方法有吸附色谱分离法和超临界CO2配合萃取法等。提出了利用螯合-絮凝-沉降复合工艺进行中药水提液净化除杂的新的研究方法。
The composition of traditional Chinese medicine aqueous extract is complex and contains a variety of ineffective ingredients and impurities. In order to reduce the volume of traditional Chinese medicine preparations and increase the content of active ingredients, impurities in the aqueous extractant need to be removed. This article describes the types of impurities contained in traditional Chinese medicine and its hazards, the purification methods commonly used at present are reviewed. The removal methods of insoluble impurities include water extraction alcohol precipitation method, membrane ultrafiltration method and flocculation method, wherein the flocculation method has the advantages of good impurity removal and low cost; and the removal method of the dissolved heavy metal ions in the water extraction solution is adsorption chromatography separation method and Supercritical CO2 with extraction and so on. A new research method using chelating-flocculation-sedimentation composite technology to purify and purify traditional Chinese medicine aqueous extracts was proposed.