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目的探讨胎儿肾脏多囊性疾病(FPDK)的产前超声分型特征及其临床价值。方法对经引产证实或随访证实的54例FPDK胎儿的产前超声声像图特征进行回顾性分析。结果产前超声诊断的54例FPDK胎儿中婴儿型多囊肾(PotterⅠ型)2例,均为双侧,引产后证实;多囊性发育不良肾(PotterⅡ型)41例,11例引产后证实,30例产后婴幼儿存活;成人型多囊肾(PotterⅢ型)2例,均为双侧,1例引产后证实,1例产后新生儿期死亡;梗阻性囊性发育不良肾(PotterⅣ型)9例,6例引产后证实,3例产后婴幼儿存活,手术切除患肾。结论超声检查是检出FP-DK的可靠方法,FPDK产前超声诊断及分型诊断准确率高,是产前早期发现胎儿肾脏多囊性疾病的首要检查方法。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and clinical value of prenatal sonography of fetal polycystic kidney disease (FPDK). Methods The characteristics of prenatal ultrasonography of 54 cases of FPDK confirmed by induced labor or follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two cases of infant polycystic kidney disease (Potter Ⅰ) were diagnosed in 54 FPDK fetuses diagnosed by prenatal diagnosis. All of them were confirmed by induced abortion. Among them, 41 cases were diagnosed as polycystic kidney disease (Potter Ⅱ) , 30 cases of postpartum infants and young children survived; adult polycystic kidney disease (Potter Ⅲ type) 2 cases were bilateral, 1 case confirmed after induction of labor, 1 case of postpartum neonatal death; obstructive cystic dysplastic kidney (Potter Ⅳ type) 9 cases, 6 cases confirmed after induction of labor, 3 cases of postpartum infants survived, surgery to remove the kidney. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a reliable method to detect FP-DK. The prenatal diagnosis of FPDK and the high accuracy of the typing of FPDK are the primary methods of detecting polycystic kidney disease of the fetus in the early stage of prenatal period.