北京是地质灾害较多、较严重的城市之一,具有灾种多、活动频繁、群发性强的特点。特别是近几十年,北京迅速崛起,经济建设的高速发展和人口的过速增长对大自然索取过多,自然环境破坏加剧以及不合理的人类工程活动等,使北京的地质环境不断恶化,地质灾害经常发生。其主要灾害种类有:泥石流、滑坡、崩(滑)塌、矿山地面塌陷、地下水污染、地面沉降及地下水资源枯竭、水土流失、土地沙化、地 Beijing is one of the cities where there are more geological disasters and more serious ones. It has the characteristics of frequent disaster and frequent mass activities. Especially in recent decades, with the rapid rise of Beijing, the rapid development of economic construction and the excessive demands for nature caused by the rapid growth of population, the worsening of the natural environment and unreasonable human-engineering activities, the geological environment in Beijing is constantly deteriorating. Geological disasters often happen. The main types of disasters are: debris flow, landslide, collapse (slip) collapse, mine ground collapse, groundwater pollution, ground subsidence and depletion of groundwater resources, soil erosion, land desertification, land