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本文以青阳及绩溪县官田、青阳县学田和屯溪义田为例,对近代皖南官田、学田和义田的地权状况进行了考察。考察表明,清至民国时期,由于官田、学田、义田等公田管理机关与佃农的关系逐步趋于平等,对佃农不利的官田国有制、学田及义田的普通租佃制发生了重大变迁,皖南官田、学田和义田等公田的地权普遍发生了双层分化,逐渐形成了公田所有者主要掌握田底权、永佃农主要掌握田面权的双层地权格局。
This article takes Qingyang and Jixi County Guandian, Qingyang County Xuetian and Tunxi Yitian as examples to investigate the land ownership of Guandian, Xuetian and Yitian in modern Southern Anhui Province. The inspection showed that during the period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the official tenancy system of Guandian, Xuetian and Yi Tian, which were unfavorable to the tenant farmers, had been greatly impacted by the fact that the relations between the tenants such as Guantian, Xuetian and Yitian gradually tended to be equal. In the vicissitudes of transition, the land rights of public land in Wannan such as Guandian, Xuetian and Yitian generally diverged from each other, and gradually formed the double-layer land rights pattern in which the public landowners mainly controlled the landownership and the permanent shareowners dominated the landownership.