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以不同基因型棉花品种为材料,在土柱栽培条件下研究膜下滴灌条件下水氮运筹方式对新疆棉花光合性能和产量构成的影响.结果表明:播前灌溉+盛花期前限量滴灌+盛花期后充分滴灌,并配合氮肥基施20%+追施80%的水氮运筹方式(W4N2)下,盛花期叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度(gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)均显著低于全生育期常规滴灌处理,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)增加,地上部干物质累积量受到限制;盛铃期至吐絮期叶绿素含量、gs、Pn、ΦPSⅡ、qP均随水氮供应量的提高而增大,地上部干物质产生超补偿积累,且有利于光合产物向棉铃的运转与分配.在氮肥基施20%+追施80%的施氮方式下,新陆早13号以播前灌溉+全生育期常规滴灌(W3)处理的籽棉产量较高,新陆早43号以播前灌溉+盛花期前限量滴灌+盛花期后充分滴灌(W4)处理籽棉产量最高.因此,在播前灌溉条件下适当减少盛花期前、增加生育中后期水氮供应,可以延长冠层叶片光合功能期,促进光合物质优先向生殖器官分配,充分发挥膜下滴灌棉花的增产潜力.
Using cotton varieties with different genotypes as materials, this paper studied the effects of water and nitrogen on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield components of Xinjiang cotton under drip irrigation under the condition of soil column cultivation. The results showed that: before drip irrigation, After fully drip irrigation, the photosynthetic rate of chlorophyll, stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were significantly lower than those of conventional drip irrigation during the whole growth period, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased, and the dry matter accumulation aboveground was limited. Chlorophyll content, gs, Pn, ΦPSⅡ and qP all increased with the increase of water and nitrogen supply, and the above-ground dry matter was overcompensated and accumulated, which was beneficial to the operation and distribution of photosynthetic products to cotton bolls. Under the nitrogen application of Xinluzao 13, the seed cotton yield of Xinluzao 13 was higher than that of conventional drip irrigation (W3) before sowing + full growth period. After full drip irrigation (W4) to deal with the highest yield of seed cotton Before, under conditions appropriate to reduce irrigation before sowing flowering, increase fertility in the late supply of water and nitrogen, can be extended canopy photosynthetic function of leaves, photosynthetic material to promote the priority assigned to the reproductive organs, Drip Irrigation full yield potential cotton.