铁路作为国民经济的基础设施,具有较强的外部经济功能。而铁路企业制度创新的目的是使铁路企业真正成为自主经营、自负盈亏的经济实体。从微观角度出发,企业必须更多地考虑经济性和盈利性。铁路企业具有垄断性是客观存在的,尽管这种垄断性具有经济性垄断和行政性垄断合二为一的特点,但垄断行为的存在本身就意味着铁路必定是国家价格政策、地区政策、发展政策和产业政策等宏观政策的直 As an infrastructure of the national economy, the railway has a strong external economic function. The purpose of railway enterprise system innovation is to make railway enterprises truly become self-employed, self-financing economic entities. From the microscopic point of view, companies must consider more economic and profitability. Monopolistic nature of railway enterprises is an objective reality. Although this monopoly has the characteristics of economic monopoly and administrative monopoly, the existence of monopolistic behavior means that the railway must be the national price policy, the regional policy and the development Policy and industrial policy and other macroeconomic policies straight