权力是每个领导者必备的基本标志之一。为了保证领导者完成历史使命,赋予与职务相当的权力是必要的。任何国度、任何历史年代都如此,这是一个永恒的题目。学者把领导者的权力分为五种:奖赏权、惩罚权、职权、技术专长权和归属权。美国芝加哥德保罗大学工业和组织心理学教授哈尔珀特把前三种权,即随领导职位而来,职位越高,拥有权越大的权力称为工作职权;把后两种权力称为个人权。 Power is one of the basic signs that every leader must have. In order to ensure that leaders fulfill their historic mission, it is necessary to give them equal powers. This is an eternal topic in any country and in any historical era. Scholars divide the leader’s power into five categories: reward, punishment, authority, technical expertise and ownership. Halpert, professor of industrial and organizational psychology at the University of Detroit in Chicago, said that the first three kinds of power, that is, the leadership position, the higher the position, the greater ownership of power is called the work authority; the latter two powers are called Personal rights.